Ministbatbix



Feb. 3, 1931. c s 1,790,853

APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING REACTIONS BETWEEN GASES AT A RAISED TEMPERATURE 7 Filed June 10, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet l ITLLJ en/ tor Lu'L icasalaveaeasezl Maria sale-saccki Admx AM AT TofiNEys Feb. 3, 1931. L. CASALE 1,790,853

APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING REACTIONS BETWEEN GASES AT A RAISED TEMPERATURE Filed June 10, 1927 3 Sheeis-Sheet 2 00855 as m .CC E:

ITLU erdzo r Luigi CaSaleDeceas ed 'Mariza Casale-fiacckifid m'x ATTOYTNEYS L. CASALE Feb. 3, 1931 APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING REACTIONS BETWEEN GASES AT A RAISED TEMPERATURE Filed June 10. 1927 '5 Sheets-Sheet s ULM L ML I plllllllllllllll a 1 rlllfllllllllllll rlIlIllllll'll 3 icasale .Dcea-se&

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. which are to react are changers hi pose sufliciently well, especially those .w ch

for other p Patented Feb. 3, 1931 UNITED LSVTATES PATENT NOFFIGE:

LUroI cAaALE, DECEASED, LATE or 301m, ITALY,

BY MARIA CASALE, use SACCHI, AD-

IINISTRLTBIX, OF RAPALLO, GEli'OA, ITALY A PPABATUS FOE EFFECTIN' G REACTIONS BETWEEN GASES AT A RAISED TEMPERATURE Application fled June 10, 1827, Serial Ill o. 197,870, and in Italy June 22,

In efiecting reactions between gases at raised temperatures the recovering of the heat from the hot products of the reaction is of very great economic importance.

. Almost always this heat is utilized to .bring the gases which have to react to the temperature of reaction, and to attainthe purpose the products of the reaction and the gases passed through a heatexchan er. In this manner the amount of the externfi heat which is necessary to expend is reduced to the minimum and in the case 0f exothermic reactions it is possible that no external heat may be necessary.

Heat recovering of the aforesaid kind is practised in various industries, for instance in the catalysis of sulphuric anhydride and of carbon monoxide, in the synthesis of ammonia and of methyl alcohol.

The heat exchangers are sometimes placed outside the reaction apparatus, or they can even form erto used donot attain the urare part of the reaction ap aratus, since said apparatus are generally suitable only for reactions which are very exothermic: in this case a leseflicient heat exchange can, it is obvious, answer the-purpose. 1

For efiecting reactions between gases at raised temperature Dr. Casale now devised an apparatus inlwhich the the hot products of the reaction is recovered entirely and is utilized for heating the gases or the gases which have to react, or

' ment of such an a paratus is illustrated in the accompan wings, in which Fig. 1 is a vertical sectlon of the ap paratus,'and Fig. 2 the corresponding plan Figs. 3 and 4. are vertical sections of. an a paratus constructed in a different manner, w eFig. 5 shows another modified arrangement,;Figs. 6 and 7 being details.

The; invention, of course, is not limited to view.

the a 1, 11 represented in the drawings, but iiic other similar manners of constrnctio In the apparatus i r tpart of the same, but the ex-' heat possessed by occurs, and thence issued through the s aces .dothermicg or only sented as cylindrical, but it is not limited to this form.

In Figs. land 2, A is the external wall of the apparatus, B the space in which occurs the reaction, C and D are two covers which hermetically close the apparatus. The upper cover C has two cylindrical walls a, b, extend ing downwards towards the cover D, while the latter has cylindrical walls 0, d, spaced apart-from the walls a, b. It is obvious that the number of the walls which are carried by each cover can also be other than two.

Between these walls is disposed the surface E through which occurs the heat exchange. It is constructed of metallic material and can be completely or partly supplied with small blades or channeling or similarother formations adapted to increase its efficiency in respect of the transfer of heat. In the case represented in the drawing this surface consists of five concentric walls, 6, f, g, h, 2', each connected with the preceding and with the successive ones by means of two annular discs or crowns which are disposed one at the upper and one at the lower edges, as clearly shown in Fig. 1, in which said discs are indi cated by the letters m, n, o, p. r

The, cold gases-which have to react can enter, for instance, at l and pass through the spaces comprised between the walls A and e, f and c, c and 'g, hand (1, d and ing the central space B, where the reaction comprised between the walls h and b, and g, f and a, a and e arriving at the exterior at 2,

z, thus .enteranalogously it is also possible to cause the cold gas to enterat 2, and then the product of the reaction will issue at 1.

If the reaction which occurs in B is enweakly exothermic, it is possible, or instance, to provide the space comprised between d and i with an electrical heating device 7', for instance a spiral, as illustrated in Fig. 3, The electric heating device 7' could be laced the 'coldsgases entering at 1.

in the central part of the apparatus, as s own,

by way of example, in Fig. 4. v

arrangement of apparatus which is very advantageous inpractice is shown in Figs. 5, 7. Fig.5 represents the vertical sustain the pressure,

the flange be arranged in the colder part of the apparatus.

From the manner in which the apparatus is constructed it is clear that it will be sufficient to vary the number and the dimensions of the surfaces through which occurs the heat exchange, in order to effect as completely as possible the recovery of the heat contained in the hot products of the reaction.

Another advantage consists in having a succession of temperatures regularly de;

creasing-from the inter1or towards the exterior. Th1s is very important, especially when the apparatus is subject to pressure,

the wall A, which must will have a very low temperature and it will therefore be in a better condition of mechanical resistance.

since in this case In certain cases this arrangement will prevent it from chemical attack to which it might besubjected by coming in contact with the gases at higher temperatures.

The gases between which occurs the heat exchange flow in counter-current, and therefore in the most suitable manner for realizing a rapid and complete heatexchange.

It is not necessary that the walls a, b, c, d, be constructed of non-conducting materials. be-

causethe diflz'erence between the temperature 1 of the gases on the two sides of each of the said walls is relatively so small that the quantity of heat which can pass through the same P becomes negligible. Thus the apparatus can be constructed entirely of metal. Y

The expansions in the apparatus due to the changes of temperature-are not impeded and cannot therefore damage the apparatus or affect its good working; and t is result is obtained without the use of stufiing boxes or expansion-joints, thereby allowing simplicity of construction and facility of mounting and di'smounting.

cop

Finally, attention may be drawn to the fact that,.when one of the gases which has to re act consists of vapours of a substance which is liquid or solid at ordinary temperature, or if it is a liquid obtained by liquefaction of a substance which is solid atordinary temerature, it will be possible, when the hot products of the reaction contain a quantity of heat sufficient for the purpose, to cause said substance to enter at a given point on the path of the gases which have to react, so-

that the vaporization of said substance is 'gvalls,

' ing alternate upper effected by means of the heat recovered from the products of the reaction.

It'is evident that the apparatus is well adapted for effecting reactions occurring in the presence of catal sts, as well as for noncatalytic reactions. 11 the case where catalysts must be used, they could be charged or discharged throu h holes in the covers C and D, whereby the c arge and discharge can be accomplished wi hout removing the said cover.

What is claimed is 1. Apparatus for eflecting reactions between gases at a raised temperature comprising a centrall disposed reaction chamber, a series of divi 'n walls arran ed externally of the reaction c amber provi ing alternate upper and lower gas-passage ways, over and under, respectively, the endsof said dividing walls, and a continuous partition dividing said gas-passage ways into two series -of spaces, in one of which series of spaces flow the gases tobe reacted in heat-exchange relation with the products of reaction flowing throu h the other series of spaces.

2. pparatus for eflt'ecting reactions between gases at a raised temperature comprising a centrall disposed reaction chamber, a

walls arranged externally amber providing .alternate series of divi in of the reaction c under, respectively, the ends of said dividing and a continuous partition dividing said gas-passage ways into two series of annular spaces, in one of which series of annular spaces flow the gases to be reacted in heatexchan e relation with the roducts of reaction owing through the ot er series of annular spaces.

3. In an apparatus forefiecting reactions. between gases at elevated temperatures, the rovision at heat exchanging means comprisin a series of dividing walls arran ed externa ly of the reaction chamber an providand. lower as assage ways over and under, alternative y, t e ends of said dividing walls, and a continuous partition dividing said gas-passe e ways into two series of spaces in one of w ich ases flow the fluids to be reacted in heat exc ange relation with the products'of reaction flowing through the other series of spaces.

' MARIA CASALE-SACCHI, Administratfia: of Luigi Oasale, Deceased. 

